Cr:GSGG

Cr:GSGG

Cr:GSGG crystal (Cr doped Gadolinium scandium gallium garnet) is a highly efficient laser material. An electro-optic shutter element was first utilized to provide the Q-switched operation of the ruby laser. Passive Q-switched ruby lasers were achieved with saturable dye absorbers and colored glass (compounds of selenium and cadmium sulfide).

Recently, the operational characteristics of a dye Q-switch for a pulsed ruby laser were still being studied for application in underwater holography. However, the dye Q-switch was limited in durability because of the degradation (decomposition) of the dyes, and the glass Q-switch was readily damaged. Thus, the tetravalent chromium-doped gadolinium scandium gallium garnet Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 (Cr4+: GSGG) passive Q-switch ruby laser offers first-time high reliability, durability, and high efficiency.

Cr:GSGG Crystal – a Crystal Which Shows High Efficiency and High Reliability

Cr4+: GSGG has been utilized for the first time to provide a saturable absorber Q-switch for the ruby laser. Single output pulse operation (100 mJ and 27 ns duration) with efficiencies relative to the free-running ruby laser operation of 25-30% was routinely obtained.

The crystalline material GSGG: Cr3+ is currently of interest as a broad-band, room temperature laser material. The small separation between the 4T2 and 2E electronic levels of Cr3+ in the system can result in interesting spectroscopic behaviour.

People have investigated the temperature dependence of the CW and transient luminescence. They have found it to be consistent with a model for the dominant Cr3+ site in which the lowest energy 2E and 4T2 levels are approximately coincident in energy at low temperature.

Features of Cr:GSGG Crystal:

  • High reliability
  • High efficiency
  • High durability
  • Strong and saturable absorption
  • Good thermal conductivity

Spectral Properties

Emission wavelength (nm)1061.2
Emission Cross Section (pm2)a13
R2-> Y3 Transition Linewidth (cm-1)11.5
Nd3+ Fluorescence Lifetime (ps) at Low Concentrations (<1017cm-3 )273-283
Nd3+ concentration for which lifetime is reduced by 50% (1020 Nd ions cm-3)5

Optical Properties

Refractive index at 1064 nm1.9424
Index change with temperature dn / dt, (10-6 k-1)10.9
Index change with temperature 
P11-0.012 ± 0.003
P120.019 ± 0.003
P44-0.0665 ± 0.0013

Thermomechanical Properties

Density (g*cm-3)6.495
Calorific Capacity (J*g-1*K-1)0.4029
Thermal Conductivity (W*m-1*K-1)6
Thermal Expansivity  (10-6 K-1)7.5
Poisson Ratio
0.28
Young's Modulus(GPa)210
Breaking Tenacity(MPa)1.2
Thermal Stress Resistance (W*m-1)b660

Absorption Spectrum

Cr-GSGG Q-switched crystal - Absorption spectrum -CRYLINK

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