Cr,Er:YSGG
In the Er,Cr: YSGG crystal, Cr3+ replaces the Ga3+ or Sc3+, and Er3++ replaces Y3+, the crystal has the advantages of large size, low optical damage, high optical quality, and low lasing threshold. A flashlamp or laser diode is often used to pump the laser crystal. 970 nm laser diode is regarded as the first choice to realize 2790 nm laser pumping of Er, Cr: YSGG, which can directly excite the Er3+ to his lasing upper level with high efficiency and low energy cost. Various methods have been adopted to switch Q (such as acousto-optic, electro-optic, and FTIR) to realize pulse laser output. Owing to the specificity of lasing wavelength, these lasers are widely used in medical applications, scientific investigations, material processing, military, etc.
Features of Er,Cr: YSGG Crystal:
- Good crystal quality
- Super mechanical properties
- Low pump threshold
- High slope efficiency
- Working at medium frequency
Material Specifications
| Crystal Structure | Cubic |
| Chemical Formula | Y2.93Sc1.43Ga3.64O12 |
| Lattice Constant | 12.42 Å |
| Concentration | 30 at % (3.7 x 1021 cm<-3 , dodecahedron Er3+) |
| 2 at % (1.7 x 1020 cm-3 , octahedral Cr3+) | |
| Wavefront Distortion（Rod length per inch） | 2-Jan |
| Surface Finish | 10–5 S–D |
| Perpendicularity | 5‘ |
| Parallelism | 30“ |
| Precise Finish | 55 microinch ± 5 microinch |
| Chamfer | 45 deg ±5 deg |
| Length Tolerance | +0.040 / -0.000 in |
| 直径公差 | +0.0000 / -0.0020 in |
Physical and Chemical Properties
| Thermal Conductivity（W / mK） | 8 |
| Thermal Coefficient of Expansion | 8.1×10-6/K |
| Thermal-optical Coefficient（dn / dT）（10-6/ K） | 12.3 |
| Mohs Hardness | 8 |
| Density | 5.67g/cm3（Cr&Er doping） |
| Size（DxL），mm | From 3 x 30 to 12.7 x 127.0 |
| Orientation | <001>, <111> |
Optical and Spectral Properties
| Refractive Index | 1.92 at 1000 nm |
| Fluorescence Lifetime | 1400 μs |
| Emission Cross-section | 5.2 x 10-21 cm2 |
| Laser Wavelength | 2.791 µm |
Absorption and Emission Spectra
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References
| [1] Usumez A , Aykent F . Bond strengths of porcelain laminate veneers to tooth surfaces prepared with acid and Er,Cr:YSGG laser etching[J]. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2003, 90(1):24-30. |
| [2] Yilmaz H G , Kurtulmus-Yilmaz S , Cengiz E , et al. Clinical evaluation of Er,Cr:YSGG and GaAlAs laser therapy for treating dentine hypersensitivity: A randomized controlled clinical trial[J]. Journal of Dentistry, 2011, 39(3):249-254. |
| [3] Onay E O , Orucoglu H , Kiremitci A , et al. Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on the apical sealing ability of AH Plus/gutta-percha and Hybrid Root Seal/Resilon Combinations[J]. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2010, 110(5):657-664. |
| [4] Almojaly S A , Al-Hamdan R S , Alrahlah A , et al. Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG on bond strength and microleakage of dentin bonded to resin composite with different distance and irradiation time[J]. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2018, 25. |
| [5] F Alkhudhairy, Naseem M , Bin-Shuwaish M , et al. Efficacy of Er Cr: YSGG laser therapy at different frequency and power levels on bond integrity of composite to bleached enamel[J]. Photodiagnosis & Photodynamic Therapy, 2018, 22:34-38. |
| [6] Aras W M F , Barroso J S M , Blay A , et al. Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation influence on Y-TZP bond strength to resin cement[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(12):13790-13795. |
| [7] A González-Mosquera, Seoane J , L García-Caballero, et al. Er,CR:YSGG lasers induce fewer dysplastic-like epithelial artefacts than CO2 lasers: an in vivo experimental study on oral mucosa[J]. British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 2012, 50(6). |
| [8] Huang H H , Chuang Y C , Chen Z H , et al. Improving the initial biocompatibility of a titanium surface using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser-powered hydrokinetic system[J]. Dental Materials, 2007, 23(4):410-414. |
| [9] S Ü?Ümez, Orhan M , A Ü?Ümez. Laser etching of enamel for direct bonding with an Er,Cr:YSGG hydrokinetic laser system.[J]. American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2002, 122(6):649-656. |
| [10] Lee B S , Lin P Y , Chen M H , et al. Tensile bond strength of Er,Cr:YSGG laser-irradiated human dentin and analysis of dentin–resin interface[J]. Dental Materials Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials, 2007, 23(5):570-578. |
| [11] Cengiz, Esra, Yilmaz, et al. Treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis with Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation: A randomized controlled split mouth clinical study[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B. Biology: Official Journal of the European Society for Photobiology, 2017, 170:1-5. |
| [12] Gurney M L , Sharples S D , Phillips W B , et al. Using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser to remove lithium disilicate restorations: A pilot study[J]. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2016:90-94. |
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