MgO:LiNbO3 (Nonlinear Crystal)
MgO-doped LiNbO3 nonlinear crystals have a higher optical damage threshold and higher nonlinear conversion efficiency than undoped LiNbO3 crystals. The doping can increase Raman scattering cross-section and reduce phonon mode loss.
MgO: LiNbO3 nonlinear crystals have unique advantages over LiNbO3 nonlinear crystals for NCPM multiplication mixing. Optical parametric oscillation in Nd-doped laser crystals is widely used in optical parametric oscillation (OPO), optical parametric amplification (OPA), quasi-phase matching, and integrated optical waveguides.
Features of The LiNbO3 Nonlinear Crystals:
- High homogeneity
- Wide range of transparency
- High damage threshold
- Good optoelectronic properties
- Good optoelectronic elasticity
- Reduced photorefractive effects of intrinsic materials
Phase Matching Angle Experimental Value (T=293K)
| Interaction Wavelength[μm] | Φexp [deg] | Note |
| SHG, o+o ⇒ e | ||
| 1.0642⇒0.5321 | 74.5 | 5mol% MgO, All LN |
| 76 | 5mol% MgO | |
| 76.5 | 5mol% MgO, Li/Nb=0.97 | |
| 82.3 | 7mol% MgO | |
| 1.0795⇒0.53975 | 75.1 | 5mol% MgO, All LN |
| 1.0796⇒0.5398 | 74 | 5mol% MgO, Li/Nb=0.97 |
| 1.3414⇒0.6707 | 54 | 5mol% MgO, All LN |
| Note: The PM angle values are strongly dependent on melt stoichiometry. | ||
Experimental Values of NCPM Temperature
| Interaction Wavelength [μm] | T[℃] | Attention |
| SHG, o+o ⇒ e | ||
| 1.047⇒0.5235 | 75.3 | |
| 1.0642⇒0.5321 | 25.4 | 0.6mol% MgO, All LN |
| 78.5 | 7mol% MgO, Along the X | |
| 85–109 | >5mol% MgO | |
| 107 | 5mol% MgO | |
| 110 | 5mol% MgO | |
| 110.6 | 5mol% MgO | |
| 110.8 | 7mol% MgO 8 9 Bulk action selector for row 9 Column 1, Row 9 #rowspan# Column 2, Row 9 110.6 Column 3, Row 9 5mol% MgO |
|
| 1.0795⇒0.53975 | 115 | 5mol% MgO, All >LN |
| Note: The PM temperature value depends largely on the stoichiometry of the melt. | ||
Experimental Values for Angle and Temperature Bandwidth
| Interaction Wavelength [μm] | T[℃] | θpm[deg] | Δθint[deg] | ΔT[℃] | Note |
| SHG, o+o ⇒ e | |||||
| 1.0642⇒0.5321 | 20 | 76 | 0.063 | 5mol% MgO | |
| 25.4 | 90 | 0.68 | 0.6mol% MgO | ||
| 107 | 90 | 2.16 | 0.73 | 5mol% MgO | |
| 110.6 | 90 | 0.73 | 5mol% MgO | ||
Refractive Index Change with Temperature
| 355nm | 406nm | 532nm | 633nm | 1064nm | ||
| LiNbO3 | 25°C | 2.40179 | 2.32631 | 2.23622 | 2.20351 | 2.15714 |
| 50°C | 2.40343 | 2.32807 | 2.23765 | 2.20458 | 2.15757 | |
| 75°C | 2.40722 | 2.3308 | 2.2394 | 2.20607 | 2.15884 | |
| MgO：LiNbO3 | 25°C | 2.38482 | 2.31248 | 2.2253 | 2.19323 | 2.14757 |
| 50°C | 2.38778 | 2.31441 | 2.22644 | 2.19424 | 2.14861 | |
| 75°C | 2.39152 | 2.31718 | 2.22819 | 2.19567 | 2.14966 |
Temperature Derivatives of Refractive Index of LiNbO3 Doped with 5mol% MgO
| Temperature Derivative of LiNbO3 Doped with MgO 5 mol% | ||
| λ[µm] | dno/dT×106[ K-1] | dne/dT×106[ K-1] |
| 0.53975 | 16.663 | 72.763 |
| 0.6328 | 12.121 | 64.866 |
| 1.0795 | 4.356 | 54.19 |
| 1.3414 | 5.895 | 52.665 |
The Absolute Value of the Second-order Nonlinear Coefficient of 5mol%MgO:LiNbO3
| |d31(0.852µm)|=4.9pm/V | |d33(0.852µm)|=28.4pm/V |
| |d31(1.064µm)|=4.4pm/V | |d33(1.064µm)|=25.0pm/V |
| |d31(1.313µm)|=3.4pm/V | |d33(1.313µm)|=20.3pm/V |
Spectrum
 |  |
| Absorption spectra of LiNbO3 and LiNbO3 : MgO (7 mol %) crystals in the absorption edge region | Transmission spectra of undoped and MGo-doped LN crystals |
 |  |
| LiNbO3 with type I matching (oo-e) : MgO (7 mol. Angle dependence of SHG strength in crystal | MgO: LiNbO3 thermal-optical constants of ordinary and unusual waves at 25°C |
References
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[7] Chen Y , Guo J , Liu X , et al. Highly efficient blue light of femtosecond pulses by second-harmonic generation in periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3[J]. Optics Communications, 2004, 238(1-3):201-204.
[8] Shen J , Ding C . Investigation of operational characteristics of terahertz-wave parametric oscillators pumped by picosecond based on MgO:LiNbO3 crystal[J]. Optik – International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2013, 124(15):2140-2146.
[9] A X C , B Z W , A S H , et al. Optical and structural characterization of annealed proton exchange waveguides in Y-cut MgO:LiNbO 3[J]. Optical Materials, 2005, 27( 10):1596-1601.
[10] Hong-Ki, Kim, and, et al. Measurement of cascaded phase shift in MgO:LiNbO3 single crystal by nonlinear ellipsometric method[J]. Optics Communications, 1999.
[11] Burlot R , R Moncorgé, Manaa H , et al. Spectroscopic investigation of Nd3+ ion in LiNbO3, MgO:LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 single crystals relevant for laser applications[J]. Optical Materials, 1996, 6(4):313-330.
[12] Li Z , Bing P , Xu D , et al. High-power tunable terahertz generation from a surface-emitted THz-wave parametric oscillator based on two MgO:LiNbO3 crystals[J]. Optik – International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2013, 124(21):4884-4886.
[13] Li H P , Tang D Y , Ng S P , et al. Temperature-tunable nanosecond optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2006, 38(3):192-195.
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[15] 代丽, 刘春蕊, 闫哲华, et al. Effect of dopant concentration on the spectra characteristic in Zr4+ doped Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 crystals[J]. Journal of Rare Earths, 2017(35):761-766.
[16] Bhushan R , Yoshida H , Tsubakimoto K , et al. High efficiency and high energy parametric wavelength conversion using a large aperture periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3[J]. Optics Communications, 2008, 281(14):3902-3905.
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[18] Zhang B , Jiao Z , Wang B . Efficient second-harmonic generation from polarized thulium-doped fiber laser with periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2015, 69:60-64.
[19] Rodriguez-Mendoza, U. R , Santiuste M , et al. Pressure-induced effects on the spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ in MgO:LiNbO3 single crystal. A crystal field approach[J]. Journal of Luminescence: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Excited State Processes in Condensed Matter, 2017.
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