ZGP Crystal

ZGP Crystal
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Zinc phosphorus germanium crystal (ZnGeP2, ZGP for short) is a positive uniaxial crystal. It is one of the most commonly used nonlinear crystals for optical parametric oscillator (OPO) technology.

ZGP Crystal Has the Following Characteristics:

A large effective nonlinear coefficient (deff=75pm/V, which is several times or tens of times that of other commonly used nonlinear crystals) 

  • High damage threshold (>30GW/cm2)
  • Wide light transmission band (0.74~12.4μm)
  • Small absorption coefficient (2~3μm absorption coefficient is less than 0.04 cm-1)
  • High thermal conductivity (360mW/cm·K)
  • Stable performance and mature production process

It has many advantages, such as the ability to grow large-sized crystals. It is an ideal crystal for mid-infrared OPO in the 3-5 m bands.

Features of ZGP Crystal:

  • Large nonlinear coefficient
  • The transmission region is 74 μm to 12μm
  • The relative damage threshold is high
  • High thermal conductivity
  • Wide transparent area
  • Phase matching over a wide spectral range

Physical and Chemical Properties

AttributeNumerical
Chemical FormulaZnGeP2
Crystal StructureTetragonal Crystal System,42m
Lattice Constanta=b=5.467Å, c=12.736Å
Mass Density4.16 g/cm3
Mohs Hardness5.5
Melting PointAbout 1040°C
Thermal Conductivity180 W/m/K
Coefficient of Thermal Expansionβ‖, 5×10-6/K;
β⊥, 7.8×10-6/K
BirefringenceSingle Shaft

Nonlinear Optical Properties

AttributeNumerical
SHG Phase Matching Range3177 ∼10357nm (Type I)
NLO Coefficientd36=75 ± 8 pm/V
Type Ⅰ deeo=d36 sin2θcos2φ
Type Ⅱ doeo =deoo=d36 sinθsin2φ
Damage Threshold
At 2.79 um30 GW/cm2 (150 ps)
At 10.6 um 1 GW/cm2  (2 ns)

Linear Optical Properties

AttributeNumerical
Transparent Range0.74 – 12 um
Absorption Coefficientα<0.05cm-1 @2050-2100 nm
Refractive Index 
@ 2.05μmno= 3.1478, ne= 3.1891
@ 2.79μmno= 3.1333, ne= 3.1744
@ 5.30μmno= 3.1136, ne= 3.1547
@ 10.6μmno= 3.0729, ne= 3.1143

Spectrum

ZGP nonlinear crystal-transmission CRYLINKZGP nonlinear crystal-SHG CRYLINK
ZGP Transmission SpectrumSHG Tuning Curve of ZGP (EEO type)
ZGP nonlinear crystal-OPO2800 CRYLINKZGP nonlinear crystal-OPO2090 CRYLINK
The OPO Tuning Curve of ZGP is at 2800nm Pump LampThe OPO Tuning Curve of ZGP is at 2090nm Pump Lamp

References

[1]  Huang C ,  Wu H ,  Xiao R , et al. High-pressure-assisted synthesis of high-volume ZnGeP 2 polycrystalline[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2018:S0022024818300411.
[2]  Liu M ,  Zhao B ,  Chen B , et al. Research of thermodynamic properties of mid-infrared single crystal ZnGeP 2[J]. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2018:S1369800117325908.
[3]  Vasilyeva I G ,  Nikolaev R E ,  Verozubova G A . Nonstoichiometry of ZnGeP2 crystals probed by static tensimetric method[J]. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2010, 183(9):2242-2247.
[4]  Yue X ,  Xu M ,  Du W , et al. Surface finishing of ZnGeP2 single crystal by diamond tool turning method[J]. Optical Materials, 2017:S0925346716307704.
[5] D Yang,  Zhao B ,  Chen B , et al. Impurity phases analysis of ZnGeP2 single crystal grown by Bridgman method[J]. Journal of Alloys & Compounds, 2017, 709:125-128.
[6]  Verozubova G A ,  Gribenyukov A I ,  Korotkova V V , et al. ZnGeP2 synthesis and growth from melt[J]. Materials Science and Engineering B, 1997, 48(3):191-197.
[7]  Mengyan P W ,  Baker B B ,  Lichti R L , et al. Hyperfine spectroscopy and characterization of muonium in ZnGeP 2[J]. Physica B Condensed Matter, 2009, 404(23-24):5121-5124.
[8]  Zhang S R ,  Zhu S F ,  Xie L H , et al. Theoretical study of the structural, elastic and thermodynamic properties of chalcopyrite ZnGeP2[J]. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2015, 38:41-49.
[9]  Lei Z ,  Okunev A O ,  Zhu C , et al. Photoelasticy method for study of structural imperfection of ZnGeP2 crystals[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2016, 450(Complete):34-38.
[10]  Tripathy S K ,  Kumar V . Electronic, elastic and optical properties of ZnGeP2 semiconductor under hydrostatic pressures[J]. Materials Science & Engineering B, 2014, 182(1):52-58.
[11]  Yang D H ,  Zhao B J ,  Chen B J , et al. Growth of ZnGeP 2 single crystals by modified vertical Bridgman method for nonlinear optical devices[J]. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2017, 67:147-151.
[12]  Vasilyeva I G ,  Demidova M G . Chemical analysis of ZnGeP2 as a new line of research of heterogeneity in bulk crystals[J]. Talanta, 2012, 101(none):187-191.
[13] Chaudhary, K A,  K. S , et al. Generation of terahertz from ZnGeP2 crystal and its application to record the time-resolved photoacoustic spectra of nitromethane.
[14]  Yang C H ,  Wang M ,  Xia S X , et al. Synthesis and Growth of ZnGeP_2 Crystals. Journal of Synthetic Crystals.
[15]  Wang Z ,  Mao M ,  Wu H , et al. Study on annealing of infrared nonlinear optical crystal ZnGeP2[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2012, 359(none):11–14.
[16]  Verozubova G A ,  Okunev A O ,  Gribenyukov A I , et al. Growth and defect structure of ZnGeP2 crystals[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2010, 312(8):1122-1126.
[17]  Verozubova G A ,  Gribenyukov A I ,  Korotkova V V , et al. Synthesis and growth of ZnGeP 2 crystals for nonlinear optical applications[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2000, 213(s 3–4):334-339.
[18]  Fan Q ,  Zhu S ,  Zhao B , et al. Influence of annealing on optical and electrical properties of ZnGeP2 single crystals – ScienceDirect[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2011, 318(1):725-728.
[19]  Hofmann D M ,  Romanov N G ,  Gehlhoff W , et al. Optically detected magnetic resonance experiments on native defects in ZnGeP 2[J]. Physica B Condensed Matter, 2003, 340-342(none):978-981.
[20]  Verozubova G A ,  Okunev A O ,  Gribenyukov A I . Bulk growth of ZnGeP2 crystals and their study by X-ray topography[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2014, 401(sep.1):782-786.
[21]  Wu X X ,  Zheng W C . Research on the EPR parameters and local structure of Cr4+ ion at the tetragonal Ge4+ site in ZnGeP2 crystal[J]. Physica B Physics of Condensed Matter, 2015, 473:72-74.

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