Er:YAP

Er:YAP
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Emission and excitation spectra of Er-doped YAP crystals reveal a broad emission band in the eye-safe region, with peaks around 1545 and 1608 nm. Pump bands are suitable for common 800-nm and 970-nm diode lasers, suggesting YAP as a candidate crystalline host for diode-pumped laser in the 1.5-μm eye-safe regime.

Yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAP) is expected to be a suitable host material for efficient laser emission owing to higher thermal conductivity (～13.3 W m-1 K-1), good mechanical properties, and lower photon energy compared to YAG, Y2O3, and Lu2O3).

Er: YAP exhibits a large emission cross-section in 3 μm, three times larger than Er: YAG. Highly doped Er: YAP can emit a 2.73 µm wavelength laser, and lowly doped Er: YAP crystal emits a 1.66 µm laser. Moreover, Er: YAP is one of the most promising laser materials and can provide a high-power mid-IR coherent beam.

Features of Er:YAP Crystals:

  • Higher thermal conductivity
  • Lower phonon energy
  • Good mechanical properties
  • Abundant energy level structure
  • High doping concentration

Physical and Chemical Properties

Chemical FormulaEr:YAlO3
Crystal StructureRhombic Crystals-Pbnm
Molecular Mass163.884
ShapeTranslucent Crystalline Solid
Directionb axis-Pbnm
Melting Point1870 °C
Density5.35 g/cm3
Specific Heat Capacity0.557 J/g·K
Thermal Conductivity11.7 W/m·K (a-axis), 10.0 W/m·K (b-axis), 13.3 W/m·K (c-axis)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion2.32 x 10-6  K-1 (a-axis), 8.08 x 10-6  K-1 (b-axis), 8.7 x 10-6  K-1  (c-axis)
Precise Quality163.872 g/mol
Single Isotope Mass163.872 g/mol

Optical and Spectral Properties

Laser Transition4S3/2→4I9/24I11/2→4I13/2
Laser Wavelength1.66 µm2.73 µm
Pump Belt0.6-0.8 µm1.53 µm
Emission Cross Section3 μm
Refractive Index1.94-1.97 (@ 632.8 nm)

Absorption and Emission Spectra

Er YAP laser crystal NanjingGuangbao CRYLINKEr-YAP laser crystal Nanjing Guangbao CRYLINK-2

References

[1] H Jelínková, M Němec, J Šulc, et al. 1.6 μm Er:YAP and Er:YAG lasers resonantly pumped by Er:glass laser[J]. Laser Physics, 2009, 19(8):1828-1831.
[2]  Cong Q , D Sun,  Luo J , et al. 27 μm dual-wavelength laser performance of LD end-pumped Er:YAP crystal[J]. Optics Express, 2018, 26(22):28421.
[3] Hiroki, Kawase, Ryo, et al. 2.92-µm high-efficiency continuous-wave laser operation of diode-pumped Er:YAP crystal at room temperature.[J]. Optics Express, 2019.
[4] Yongjun, Dong, Jun, et al. Color centers in gamma-irradiated YAP crystals grown by the Czochralski method[J]. Physica Status Solidi, 2007.
[5] [ Miroslav Jelinek, A Klini, C Grivas,等. Deposition of Er:YAG (YAP) layers by subpicosecond and nanosecond KrF excimer laser ablation[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2002.
[6]  Dong Q ,  Zhao G ,  Cao D , et al. Growth and anisotropic spectral properties of Er:YAlO3 crystal[J]. Journal of Alloys & Compounds, 2010, 493(1-2):661-665.
[7] M Jelínek. Growth of optical waveguides by pulsed laser deposition[J]. Laser Physics, 2009, 19(2):265-273.
[8]  Cong Q , D Sun,  Luo J , et al. Growth, structure and spectroscopic properties of Er,Pr:YAP laser crystal[J]. Optical Materials, 2018, 84:59-65.
[9]  Yao W ,  Uehara H ,  Kawase H , et al. Highly efficient Er:YAP laser with 6.9 W of output power at 2920 nm[J]. Optics Express, 2020.
[10]  Remsa J ,  Jelinek M ,  Kocourek T , et al. Highly oriented crystalline Er:YAG and Er:YAP layers prepared by PLD and annealing[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2009, 255(10):5292-5294.
[11]  Basavalingu B ,  Vijaya Kumar M S ,  Girish H N , et al. Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of rare earth doped yttrium aluminium perovskite – R:YAlO3 (R=Nd, Eu & Er)[J]. Journal of Alloys & Compounds, 2013, 552:382-386.
[12]  Perner B ,  Kvapil J ,  Kvapil J . Hydroxil and iron ions in YAP: Er laser crystals[J]. Czechoslovak Journal of Physics, 1992, 42(1):103-109.
[13]  Stankov K A ,  Hamal K ,  Jelinkova H , et al. Mode-locking of the 1.66 m transition of an Er:YAlO~3 laser[J]. OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, 1993, 95(1):85-85.
[14] Yuchong, Ding, and,等. Near-infrared emission bands of Er3+-doped YAP and LSO crystals[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 2011.
[15]  Kawase H ,  Uehara H ,  Chen H , et al. Passively Q-switched 2.9 μm Er:YAP single crystal laser using graphene saturable absorber[J]. Applied Physics Express, 2019, 12(10):102006-.
[16]  Jelinek M ,  Klini A ,  Oswald J , et al. Properties of Er – doped layers grown from Er: YAG (YAP) crystalline targets by sub-picosecond laser deposition (p248-252)[J]. Laser Physics Letters, 2010, 1(5):-.
[17]  Yao B Q ,  Liu X L ,  Yu L X , et al. Resonantly pumped continuous wave Er:YAP laser[J]. Laser Physics, 2012, 22(4):671-672.
[18]  Nemec M ,  Jelinkova H ,  Sulc J , et al. Resonantly pumped Er:YAG and Er:YAP lasers[C]// European Conference on Lasers & Electro-optics & the European Quantum Electronics Conference Cleo Europe-eqec. IEEE, 2009.
[19]  Yao B Q ,  Liu X L ,  Yu L X , et al. Resonantly pumped multiwavelength operation in Er:YAP[J]. Laser Physics, 2012, 22(5):842-844.
[20]  Zhang B ,  Wang Y ,  Wei Z , et al. Spectroscopic properties analyses and laser characterization simulation of Er3+,Eu3+:YAP single crystal.[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2018:S1386142518306115-.
[21]  Tkalcec A ,  Probst S ,  Rieger D , et al. Strong coupling of an Er3+ doped YAlO3 crystal to a superconducting resonator[J]. Phys.rev.b, 2014, 90(7).
[22] Němec, M, Šulc, J, Švejkar, R, et al. Temperature influence on Er:YAlO 3 spectroscopy and diode-pumped laser properties[J]. Laser Physics, 2018, 28(10).
[23] Yao,  Wen W . Thermoluminescence Properties of Doped YAP Crystals[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2015, 1104:143-148.
[24]  Duan C K ,  Tanner P A ,  Makhov V N , et al. Vacuum ultraviolet spectra and crystal field analysis of YAlO3 doped with Nd3+ and Er3+. phys.rev.b, 2007.
[25]  Arutiunian S M ,  Kostanian R B ,  Petrosian A G , et al. A YAlO3:Er(3+)-crystal laser[J]. Kvantovaia Elektronika Moscow, 1987.

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